Risk-evaluation of Hi-tech Enterprise in the Process of Approaching Global Market

In the high technology industry, small and medium sized technology enterprises (SMSTEs) play a pivotal role in advancing the whole industry. To achieve sustainable development, they need to extend their scope of business activities beyond a national view and exploit international market actively to meet international competitions that increase quickly in the form of allocating resources within the scope of the world. However, the SMSTEs are also facing risks associated with themselves during the process of exploiting international market owing to their own restrictions, so what they should do is to consider risk evaluations in exploiting the international market.     

CDM in the Kyoto Negotiations:

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has its origins in the decade of UNFCCC negotiations. ‘Joint implementation’ and ‘activities implemented jointly pilot’ opened the door for the project-based mechanisms between developed and developing countries. The US proposal of the Joint Implementation in the Kyoto Protocol negotiations was almost identical with CDM approved in Kyoto; however, a detour around the Clean Development Fund (CDF) concept raised by Brazil in the negotiations catalyzed the mutual understanding on the win-win nature of the concept of joint implementation.CDM has been played an important role to bridge the developed and developing countries in its development process initiated as the joint implementation in the UNFCCC, and can lead to the cooperative future in the implementation stage starting from the year 2003, including the development of future commitments beyond 2013. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

清洁生产运行机制探讨

文章分析了清洁生产的运行机制，认为清洁生产方案的实施受企业、政府、公众、市场和社会环境等五个方面的影响与制约。在此基础上，从我国国情实际出发，讨论了我国在实施清洁生产方案所面临的问题，并从企业、政府、公众、市场和社会等方面给出了相应的对策建议。     

泰州市环境空气中挥发性有机物分布特征

于2018年4—9月对泰州市环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)组分开展现场观测,结合观测数据分析该市大气中VOCs的时空分布特征。结果表明:观测期间泰州市环境空气中VOCs平均摩尔比为45.1 nmol/mol,其中含氧挥发性有机物占比为57.8%;受周边排放源和地理位置影响,下风向点位的VOCs测定值高于其他点位;VOCs月均最高值出现在6月,与臭氧月均最高值出现时间一致,7—9月气团出现老化,导致臭氧生成能力减弱;观测期间VOCs中甲苯/苯(T/B)比值范围为0.201 9～5.130 3,且大部分T/B比值2,说明溶剂、油气和液化石油气挥发等排放源对泰州市环境空气中VOCs的影响较为显著。     

福建省森林固定CO2价值评估

借鉴国内外研究成果,引入“市场逼近系数”,构造森林固定CO2效益经济结构模型,评估福建省森林固定CO2价值,为福建省森林资源的科学管理和资产评估提供了借鉴和参考。     

实施总量控制与环境技术市场发展

实施总量控制为环境技术市场的发展创造了条件，对环保产业提出了更高的要求，也将推动环境技术市场竞争正常化。     

Climate anomalies, Indonesian vegetation fires and terrestrial carbon emissions

There was a widespread misconception about the causes of vegetation and land fires in Indonesia. At a certain point, the public perceived that fires and the associated haze pollution were primarily caused by smallholders' agricultural activities. In fact, there was a variety of land-use activities including large-scale land clearing following deforestation for further land development. El Niño events and the associated dry weather were sometimes quoted by officials and the media as the cause of fires. The fire episodes from 1980 to 2000 were analysed in connection with climate anomalies and the implementation of land-use policies related to forest conversions. The analysis employs long-term climatic and sea surface temperature data to reconstruct climate distributions and anomalies including Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Outgoing Long-wave Radiation (OLR). In this study, the terrestrial carbon emissions from vegetation fires were estimated based on official statistical data on area burnt. The possible incentives for sustainable land management were discussed in the light of fire prevention. The underlying cause neglected in the discussion of Indonesian vegetation fires was forest and land development policy. Legitimated in the early 1980s, it drove massive forest conversions and the use of fires for land clearing. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) provided dry weather suitable for biomass burning and widespread fire, but it was hardly the cause of fires. The estimate of area burnt in the big fires in 1997 was about 11.6 Mha, resulting in carbon release of 1.45 Gt, equivalent to 0.73 ppmv of CO₂, or almost half the annual global atmospheric CO₂ growth. Based on the current carbon market price such emissions by the 1997 fire episode were worth around US$ 3.6 billion.     

环境经济优化设计案例

本文列举三例，论述完善价格机制发展城市燃气供应事业、运用排污权交易思想削减二氧化硫污染和利用市场干预促进固体废弃物回收，分别设计出优化方案，并概算出预期环境经济效益。     

高职高专教育理念和就业观念探讨

本文通过对我国目前高职高专大学生就业形势的全面分析,站在教育思想与时俱进的高度,论述了我国高职高专教育以市场为杠杆,以就业为导向的必然发展态势,阐述了目前我国高职高专教育理念和学生就业观念急需转变的必要性。     

我国森林环境服务市场构建与私人参与的选择

分析了我国出现森林资源环境服务市场构建态势及存在问题、对策等,回顾了现有市场构建的政策与制度,把森林资源环境服务与产品界定为公共产品,分析了私人部门参与的可能性、必要性。其次,对流域管理、生物多样性保护、景观价值、碳储存等生态服务的市场构建状况进行分析,最后分析市场创建机制所面临的主要挑战,并提出了相应的政策建议,以促进私人部门参与森林环境服务。